Against the background of the general changes to the wastewater collection and treatment in rural areas in Poland shows the development of domestic sewage treatment plants pointing to the legal conditions and the needs and possibilities of their use in rural areas in Poland as systems for wastewater treatment in areas with dispersed development. Based on the characteristics of the applied technological solutions have been critically assess them in the light of their performance and risks for the environment, especially the protection of groundwater. They pointed out the advantages and disadvantages and directions of further development, including the need to improve technological systems.